BATTICALOA JOURNAL

Mike McNulty, PhD

Around Kandy
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Today, we went to the Temple of the Tooth in the morning. Though I had been there just seven months before, I remained amazed at its beauty and spiritual significance. All members of the group seemed equally taken.



In the afternoon, we went on to the Botanical Gardens. The grounds there are breathtaking. As we walked, this time we saw monkeys in the trees. As sunset drew near, we also saw bats.

In the evening, we went to the Buddhist temple on the top of the hill, just a few blocks from where we stayed. It is a beautiful place to watch the sunset. That evening, a Sri Lankan band entertained at dinner. Everyone went off to do a variety of leisure or self care activities, as we would leave the next day to go to Batticaloa to begin our work.

Late that night, Heather's luggage arrived
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Pizzas and Elephants
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We arrived at The Swiss Residence in Kandy at around 6 AM. The staff was more than willing to check us in early. After breakfast, we all got settled into our rooms. Like in the past, one of the members of the group said we should not sleep, and should keep moving to adjust to the new time zone. At this point in the trip, I always think, “Maybe it’s time to crash.” Usually, my student colleagues have other plans!



We, then, took a walking tour.  Eventually, we wound up at one of probably 2-3 Pizza Hut’s in Sri Lanka, and perhaps the only American franchise in Kandy. At lunch, one of the student’s commented she was concerned about how elephants used to give rides to tourists are treated. She raised a number of excellent points. Instead of taking an elephant ride, we decided to visit an elephant orphanage.

 

The elephant orphanage was delightful. Sometimes the pictures say it all.  Particularly moving is the lone elephant in the two pictures.  The bottom of his leg was blown off by a landmine.  It was heartwarming to see an elephant so well cared for in a safe place, after encountering such violence.  
 








The New Initiatives: Fifteen Months Later
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It’s hard to believe fifteen months have passed since the executive cabinet of The Chicago School of Professional Psychology approved The Sri Lanka Project as a set of new initiatives for the school.

Progress

Three of the four initiatives were successfully implemented. Unfortunately, we did not raise enough money to implement one of the four, which was to bring a subgroup of the Sri Lankan counselors to Chicago for intensive training at TCS. Instead, we brought intensive training to the group in Sri Lanka (read on.)

In September, 2008, I traveled with my colleague, Marianne Joyce, LCSW of The Heartland Alliance to Batticaloa. Heartland went on to secure a three year grant to support a comprehensive residential and vocational program for area teens. This program should serve hundreds of young adults.

In January, 2009, two TCS faculty, Drake Spaeth and Mark Kassel, travelled to Batticaloa to teach an introductory course for our certificate program, Portable Accessible Counselor Training (PACT). Dr. Spaeth is a professor in the Masters of Clinical Counseling (MCC) program. Dr. Kassel is the associate director of the online curriculum for TCS’s online campus, and a former MCC faculty member.

PACT is designed to bring counselor training to Sri Lanka, where such programs do not exist. We called this introductory course our Pilot Program. Together with Fr. Paul, we assessed how area helpers responded to the material, which was a sampling of core courses taught in typical USA counselor training programs. We were able to indentify language and cultural issues which will help us design courses. We chose the nine additional courses which will be part of the PACT curriculum.

Also, Fr. Paul and I were able to engage a local university which will sponsor the program after all courses have been taught to the first group of Sri Lankan counseling students. This connection will make PACT sustainable in Sri Lanka in the years to come, after our three year program ends.

With guidance from leaders in the TCS’s Clinical Psychology Doctorate Program, I developed a new course called “International Perspectives in Mental Health.” Students who take this course travel with me to Sri Lanka to assist with PACT, and to volunteer at PPCC. In January, 2009, four students joined us. Later this month, four more will take the trip. I would like to thank Jennifer Kilcline, TCS’s Associate Director of International Travel & Programs, for her support with this project and her exceptional organizational skills

I am very enthusiastic about students and faculty traveling to Batticaloa. The ones that made the trip thus far were definitely amazed and inspired by the experience. I hope they are able to support PPCC from the States or return to Sri Lanka in the future.

Unfortunately, to date, we have only been able to secure minimal funding to implement PACT.  It's obviously a very difficult time to raise funds due to the economy. Without additional funding, I will continue to teach the PACT courses in Batticaloa on a volunteer basis.  I will also ask colleagues from TCS to assist if I find funding to cover their travel expenses and participation. I would like to thank all who have helped with PACT thus far. I would particularly like to thank TCS’s administration for generously funding my startup position for the past year in hopes we would secure funding to sustain PACT as a program at the school. I still hope we will be able to do so at a later date.
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TCS Faculty and Students Assist in Sri Lanka
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I returned to Sri Lanka (December 28-January 10) with colleagues and students from the The Chicago School of Professional Psychology (TCS).  I traveled there on my own six times since The Tsunami of 2004.  (On my seventh trip, I was joined by my friend and colleague Marianne Joyce, LCSW, of The Heartland Alliance.) 

This time, a whole group came to Batticaloa to provide assistance.  It was a phenomenal experience.  Like me, they formed a quick connection with the people, culture, and work of Fr. Paul and The Professional Psychological Counselling Centre of Batticaloa (PPCC).  It was life-changing for everyone. 

Through TCS, we held the introductory course of a ten course counseling certificate program called Portable Accessible Counselor Training (PACT).  Fr. Paul and I have hoped for years to start a certificate program for the lay counselors in Sri Lanka's north and east who assist highly traumatized people of all ages.  We feel such training will support the counselors in their work and result in future leaders for PPCC's wide array of programs. 

TCS faculty members, Dr Drake Spaeth, Dr. Mark Kassel and I taught the Introduction to Counseling course with Fr. Paul. Thirty five area counselors participated. They hope to complete all ten courses over the next three years. TCS students Ann Bukowski, Adam Harrison, Missy Jajko, and Ashley Knoll assisted in the classroom and with area relief programs. 

We called this trip the "Pilot Program."  While teaching, faculty also studied the language and cultural issues within the classroom to better understand how to design courses for future workshops and an online platform to support counselor learning. 

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Our team leaves Chicago. (Dr. Drake Spaeth, Melissa Jajko, Ashley Knoll, Ann Bukowski, Adam Harrison, Dr.s Mark Kassel, and Mike McNulty)

This blog gives an overview of the PACT Program, the current situation in Batticaloa, and this most recent trip.  It is also a journal of my seven previous trips. 

 

 

 

PACT
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Introduction

In
Sri Lanka, counseling is very new to the culture, so much so that its languages lack psychological terms. Ironically, the country's north and eastern provinces are among the most traumatized areas in the world, yet their universities do not have counselor training programs. Residents regularly face psychological trauma including exposure to war-related violence, and natural disasters, like The Tsunami of 2004. Consequently, they are highly vulnerable to posttraumatic stress and other related psychological disorders in a region where counseling resources are much too limited.

What is PACT?

PACT (Portable Accessible Counselor Training)

  • PACT is a ten course counselor certificate program for helpers working as untrained counselors in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.

PACT's mission is to bring formal counselor training to Batticaloa.

  • Batticaloa is a cleared area, adjacent to a war zone. Helpers here serve people of all ages suffering from the effects of intense, repeated exposure to psychological trauma.

PACT is designed to enhance competency and professionalism.

  • Area helpers work as counselors, but lack formal training. Most of their training comes through on the job experiences and consultation. PACT is a systematic course of study of the discipline of counseling designed to ensure counselors have the basic information and skills needed to function in such a challenging context.

PACT includes courses in basic counseling skills.

  • The curriculum looks much like the first year of a masters of counseling program in the United States. Courses are taught in an intensive 9-10 day workshop format, and are translated by Fr. Paul Satkunanayagam, S.J., a counseling psychologist, and founder and director Professional Psychological Counselling Centre of Batticaloa (PPCC). Fr. Paul is a pioneer in the movement to bring counseling as a profession to Sri Lanka.

PACT has an online component to support learning between workshops.

  • Powerpoint presentations and video and audio recordings from classroom sessions are used to design corresponding online courses in Tamil, the counselors' language. These materials are available to program participants through the TCS online platform after each workshop.

PACT is sustainable.

  • We are currently in preliminary discussions to partner with a Batticaloa university to incorporate PACT into its academic program after the first class of counselors completes the full certificate program. We hope to help make counselor training available throughout Sri Lanka in the years to come.

 

Updates on Batticaloa and PPCC
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For an overview of the situation in Batticaloa and services provided by PPCC, please follow these links to see my blog entries:
http://mikemcnulty.livejournal.com/6672.h
tml
(January, 2008)
http://mikemcnulty.livejournal.com/17573.html (September, 2008)

 

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Sri Lanka's North and East

The situation in Sri Lanka's north and east provinces remains tense.  Through use of heavy artillery on the ground and aerial assaults, the Sri Lanka military (SLM) has reclaimed most areas previously held under Tamil Tiger control in an attempt to bring an end to the civil war.  With the recent capture of key Tiger strongholds in the north, the SLM is claiming major progress towards this goal.  However, Tiger troops remain at large, and have retreated to jungle areas.  Active warfare continues to occur. Over 200,000 people have fled affected districts, with more expected.  International organizations, such as the United Nations, report refugees are in the line of fire as they try to move to cleared (safe) areas.

Batticaloa

Refugees flee to Batticaloa town in Batticaloa district to find safety.  It is a cleared area on the parameter of the war zone.  Camps, there, house tens of thousands displaced persons and families.  Besides material losses, many suffer from posttraumatic stress or other related psychological disorders. 

Batticaloa residents live in chronic stress. Residents remain in the middle of an army, which does not speak their language, and rebel groups, which have a more hidden presence.  Due to their Tamil heritage, they fear the
repercussions of being misidentified as members of rebel groups.  They also fear falling out of favor with any of the warring parties. Because of the war, other rights, such as due process, are limited.

Residents continue to worry their children will be kidnapped and forced to fight as child soldiers.  They also fear they, family members, or friends will be tortured, abducted, or disappear. 

The Professional Psychological Counselling Centre of Batticaloa (PPCC)

PPCC continues to respond to tsunami and war affected individuals and their families. (For information on PPCC's full array of programs, please refer to this link:
http://mikemcnulty.livejournal.com/6672.html)  This past year construction of the Dreamcatcher facililty was completed.  This program will serve as a training center for professionals, and a residential program for individuals and families suffering from the aftermath of psychological trauma. 

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Dreamcatcher (PPCC's trauma training and future residential treatment center)

"Cuckoo's Nest," a comprehensive therapeutic, residential, and vocational program for ex-child soldiers, was opened on January 1, 2009. It currently serves about 40 young adults who were kidnapped and forced to fight in the civil war as children.  Due to demand, it is expected that this program will serve 60 young adults within the next few months.  PPCC continues to provide group homes for over 200 orphaned children.  Its counselors serve almost a thousand individuals and families each week. 
 

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We're Back!
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We had a busy, successful trip!  I will be posting pictures and completing entries to this blog all week, so make sure to check back later for additional info about this trip. 

Goodbye
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The Last Day of the Workshop
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Multiculturalism

On this last day of the workshop, Drake presented on multiculturalism. I found myself remembering a conversation from the last trip when one of the supervisory counselors smiled with delight as she used the term "gender balance." The fact that she knew this term in such a traditional culture in an isolated, oppressed part of the world seemed so miraculous. It is always hopeful to hear local residents use language, which promotes justice and equality. The module on multiculturalism went well.  Drake's easy going style guided the group through very sensitive material. 

The Wedding Album

Today, one of the counselors showed me her wedding photos. I included others from Chicago, as I wanted them to know her amazing story. She is a beautiful positive person in her late twenties, who has attended all the workshops I have co-led.  At the conclusion of the first workshop, she performed a traditional Hindu, cultural dance. Her talent amazed me. 

Last time, Maxie and Fr. Paul told me she built her own house.
When she was ten years old, her father was killed in the civil conflict.  Somehow she found ways to survive the trauma and heartbreak, and move forward with life.  Years later, when it came time to marry, she had no dowry to give her fiance. He would have proceeded with the marriage just the same, but she insisted upon waiting.  She wanted to build their home to have a dowry to give to him. So, with her hands, she built their house.

During the last workshop she brought me wedding cake as the ceremony was set for just after my departure. This time, she pulled out a flash drive, and we looked at her wedding album. Coming from a culture where we learn to expect so much, we were amazed by this woman's resilience. With such joy, she forges her path in a world which has cruelly taken so much from her.

The Final Ceremony

Later, in the afternoon, we held our final ceremony.  Three counselors discussed what the experience had meant to themOne was from PPCC; another from the Butterfly Peace Garden; and the third from another organization.  They each spoke movingly about what they learned and what it means for their lives.   All here seem to view counseling as a movement, where they acquire information and skills that guide their work and their lives.  The information we teach helps them to cope as they help others who face disparate circumstances.

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I gave a speech congratulating the counselors on their continual growth.  I am amazed at how much information people retain between workshops, and how they apply what they learn.

Fr. Paul holds weekly seminars to help the counselors integrate the information.  The results of these sessions are striking.  This group is very thoughtful about counseling and people and situations where they try to assist. 

When we completed the first workshop back in 2005, they gave me a wood sculpture of a woman whose hair is caught in the trees during the tsunami.  Unable to free themselves, this is how so many women drowned in those waves.  The image is symbolic of the horrific traumas people face here.  The inscription said "from chaos to creativity...a gift of the heart by the wounded healers of Batticaloa."  Today, I am reminded Fr. Paul, and this group, are the ones who regularly find creativity in chaos.  I just witness the process.     

He remains their foremost teacher:  the heart and soul behind their work.  Because of his presence, I have faith the people here can master a discipline so foreign to their culture.  With the wounded, there is such potential for healing, and for helping others to heal. 

With the challenges that lie ahead, I urged the counselors to keep building on their training.  I explained how the TCS certificate program will work.

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The TCS students received flowers during the graduation ceremony as Drake and Father Dava look on.  

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Mike addresses the PPCC counselors as Fr. Paul translates.

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Development

Today, Mark presented on development.  He is great with creating class exercises that really engage the counselors.  In addition, he challenges them with thought provoking questions, which really help them to think through their work.

I stepped in to teach psychosocial development.  The counselors gave excellent examples about how to guide children through difficult aspects of development.  They also asked about how to integrate psychosocial theories of development with cognitive and moral theories. 

Profiles of Wounded Healers

The students remained with us, again, today, as the group home children are in school during the day.  This is the third day in a row that they have stayed here.  They continue to connect with the counselors.  

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Today, we began a project called, “The Barefoot Counselors of Batticaloa: Portraits of Wounded Healers.”  Two students interviewed two counselors about their lives and their work.  Both counselors lost parents and grew up in group homes.  Now, they counsel others. Tomorrow, the other two students will interview two more counselors.  They will present these counselors' stories at a colloquium when we return from the trip. 

Checking In

I met with Fr. Paul and Maxie to discuss the status of various US initiatives to provide support for PPCC.  They are very happy with The Chicago School students and faculty.

They hope to make the students more a part of the workshop in the future, to promote a dialogue between them and the counselors here, to enhance learning for all involved.

They love Mark’s style for the reasons I described earlier and Drake due to his humanistic nature and approach, and his great sense of humor. I felt touched when they said they miss me. I usually teach everything, and have a bit more contact with the group.  With all these other people involved, I end up in an organizational, leadership role trying to oversee the workshop and the TCS students' activities. 

A Conversation with An Ex-Child Soldier

In the evening, I went to Cuckoo’s Nest to meet with the young man who requested to meet with me.  He, like many in other parts of the world, view Americans as having more affluence and power than we generally have.  With this view come high hopes.  Last Saturday, I told him I cannot help him to immigrate to America due to State Department restrictions.  Last night, he asked, “How about Egypt?” 

It is so hard to say "no."  The cost of his emigration to another land will be $20,000-$30,000, with no guarantees of delivery to a safer context.  He is in a relatively safe place now.  A move could mean he would end up in an area where he will be at risk of exploitation. 

Part of his reason for moving is to earn more in a foreign economy to better support his parents.  While I view his goals as legitimate, even noble,  I told him I am not sure that emigration is in his best interest.

We talked about his carpentry work, and the progress he has made.  He has joined a selective small group of carpenters who own a shop and will help him sell his furniture.  I congratulated him on this accomplishment. 

I tried to convey I appreciate his concerns for his safety. 


I also told him men his age are often trying to find their way in life. 
To not have clear answers around how life will unfold is expected.  Finding one's path with such things as work and relationships takes time.  I emphasized what he has survived and accomplished shows so much strength.  I said I have a lot of hope for him. 

He was disappointed, but tried to work with my feedback. In my heart of hearts, I hope I am right, given the potential risks.  I found myself concurring with Maxie and Fr. Paul's opinion of his situation. 

It's hard to have limited resources to offer people who wish for more choices. 
For therapists, it is also hard to know what the issue is:  Is it better to resume a life interrupted by trauma, through returning where one was and moving forward there? Or does the way trauma has affected life warrant a move to an entirely different context?  It's hard to know.

There are many indicators this young man is making significant progress with his rehabilitation.  He has a trade and can earn a living.  He has reconnected with his family.  He has the safety of a program where he can stay as long as he needs.  But it is still hard to know if staying in Sri Lanka is in his best interest.  His past as a child soldier has robbed him of a sense of security that he will never totally recover. 

Home, Again

When I returned to Dreamcatcher, the students and faculty continue to bond. Tea and dinner conversations have grown longer.  Everyone is very excited as we look towards tomorrow’s final day of the workshop. 

Sampath found a large turtle, and Raja summoned us all outside to see.  This was quite an event.  Raja said that tomorrow night, we will dance, and that there will be no sleeping. 

A couple of years ago, when I had been ill, he pounded on the table and delclared, "I AM YOUR FATHER!", demanding that I eat.  When Marianne Joyce visited with me last September, he said, “You are my daughter!” (He then quietly slept on a mat in the large common area outside our rooms to protect her.)

With this group, he has declared, “You are my family!” 

Raja is an old guard cook who usually will not let others support or assist him.  Night after night, Ann kept insisting upon helping him clear the table.  He finally gave in and said, "You are my helper!"  Tonight, he taught Adam how to cook.  This time, Dreamcatcher feels even more like home. 

 

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Meet The Family

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Today, the topic was family therapy. Mark presented most of the material. In the afternoon, I was able to teach the group about the late, great Virginia Satir. Her work centers on connecting on an emotional level with various family members, to ultimately have effective communication around family conflict. She had such high regard for all people. She believed that conflict is normal, and differences may be understood and accepted. I feel her work is relevant to Sri Lankan culture, as it ultimately promotes peace.

Mark led a family sculpting exercise called "family portrait" (see above). One person positions family members as they would appear in a family photo. The counselor helps all involved interpret what the positions of various members say about one another's relationship with the family and its other members. The class had great fun, as various counselors interpreted what the positions meant, and made suggestions to reposition members to create a healthier family system. This exercise is one example of the usefulness of visuals, such as pictures, in the learning process. The TCS faculty and students and the counselors had much more common ground for discussion when visuals were used in daily classes.

Navalady

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In the evening, we visited Navalady.  This is the peninsula area were more than 3700 people died in the tsunami.  First, we visited the site of the rebuilt PPCC children's home which was destroyed in the disaster (see pictures above).  It is now a community center which provides an after school program.  I was shocked to see that so much of this community remains vacant.  A number of the damaged homes remain untouched.  Four years later, a once vibrant waterfront area remains eery.

I remembered I spent so much time here when I visited after the tsunami. Though I visit Batticaloa twice a year,  it has been two years since I have been here.  I could feel nausea and pain in the pit of my stomach the moment we arrived.  My body remembered what I witnessed on that first trip.  The rest of my group kept commenting on how beautiful the beach was.  I thought, "If you only knew."   

I checked with Maxie and Sampath, who both said they shared my physical reaction.  Sampath said he hates the sea as it took his mother.  She was attending a church near the water when the waves struck.  Maxie lost a family of cousins. 

The other faculty and students would relate more to my reaction
later that evening and the next day when they watched video of the disaster in Navalady.  Fr. Paul later noted  memorial services held there are more sparsely attended with each passing year.  The tsunami remains a permanent nightmare people try desperately to forget. 

Butterflies

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I was touched when Missy and Ashley found shells in the shapes of Butterflies.  In a video during the final day of my first trip to the area, after the tsunami, Fr. Paul reminded me that the sea brings us these shells as gifts.  He wanted the children to collect them, to give them to their parents, so all could reconcile with the sea.  Just one month later, he was searching for ways to help people heal.  Tonight, I found comfort in these images. 


The Boys Home

On the way back to Dreamcatcher, we visited two different boys homes. 
Fr. Paul always says visiting the children is therapeutic.  Tonight was no exception. 
 
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Theories
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Today, Dr. Drake Spaeth and I presented on counseling theories. I discussed how theories guide practice, and then presented psychodynamic theory to the counselors. While they find this theory difficult, they were still able to make use of it. I presented it because so many counseling concepts have roots in Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis.

Interestingly, the counselors have the most difficulty with cognitive behavioral theory (CBT), which for many in the USA is the theory of choice for relief work. The counselors here have such strong backgrounds in their faiths and religious traditions. They tend to relate to their feelings and emotional life in a humanistic way. With its emphasis on deeply understanding, the counselors find psychodynamic theory to have humanistic qualities.

Another problem the counselors have with CBT involves their educational backgrounds, which lack strong math and science components. Such subjects have suffered in Tamil school systems for a variety of reason. Therefore, it is hard for the counselors to relate to CBT, which is so scientific and mathematical in nature.

In the discussion group I led after the presentation, one of the counselors presented a case. I was amazed at how well she formulated her client’s problems from a psychodynamic perspective. She has attended most of the workshops I have co-led with Father Paul since the tsunami. Her growth was striking.

Most, though, seemed to confuse psychodynamic theory with existential humanism. They tended to mix the metaphors, which form the root of each theory. I found myself wondering, if existential humanism and Carl Roger’s person centered theory should be the only conceptual framework and theory we discuss in this certificate program.

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Drake presented person-centered theory to the group. Again, the counselors responded so well to his style. He had me stand next to a photo of Carl Roger’s, and joked with the group about how much I look like him. All involved had a good laugh.  Some people have said my style is Rogerian, but no one has ever said I am his twin!  I continue to believe this theory is the most natural fit for the counselors belief systems, and styles.  Also, Rogers, in his later years did a great deal of work in war zones in places like Northern Island, trying to bring communication and peace to the parties in these areas.  

Missy, Ashley, Adam, and Ann visited one of the younger boys' home.  The boys who live there are very small, but have a ton of energy, perhaps due in part to PTSD.  The students played stick ball and a number of other games with them.  Sampath (pronounced "Sum Pert"), the PPCC activity coordinator played with them.  He is excellent with children and play as are most of the staff here.  Fr. Paul reminded me to remind the students that at PPCC the policy is to "let the children be our teachers."  The TCS students embraced this concept, and once again connected so well with the children, which means the world to all involved. 

At night, we toured downtown Batti.  I took the group to my favorite place to shop, The Fancy House, which has some wonderful cultural and religious statues.  The shopping district is so different here.  It is more like a series of storefronts with outdoor stands.  It is a dark, but active place with people bartering with one another in the Tamil language.  It looks kind of intimidating until one engages with the people and feels welcome.  Someone at the pharmacy recognized me from past trips, which made me feel quite good.  His name was Ignatius, and he asked if I was Fr. former alter server, which is how Fr. Paul introduces me when we speak. (Other than here, it has been about 35 years since anyone used that title to describe who I am.)  As a group of European Americans, we really stood out.  I realized, again, how comfortable I have grown with this place after these past four years, as I watched me colleagues adjust.

We took "3 wheeler" taxi's back to Dreamcatcher, which was an adventure.  It is rare I can talk the PPCC drivers and Maxi into taking the rest of the night off, after their long days tending to our transportation and living needs.  It is always possible to find someone who speaks English.  This time, it was one of the drivers who led the rest and got us back to our residence.  It was a lot of fun to buzz along in a caravan in the open air. 









History, Ethics, and The Girl's Home
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The History of Counseling

In the morning Drake presented the history of counseling as a profession to the group. Learning the history of counseling helps to further socialize the counselors into the profession. The group really took to Drake’s thoughtful and welcoming style and his sense of humor.

As we reviewed the material, I was struck, again, by what pioneers these people are. The challenges within their context (violence, poverty, natural disasters) have called them forth to become experts in a discipline that is so foreign to Tamil and Sri Lankan culture. They must even learn new ways to manage their emotional life, ultimately, to serve fellow residents who are also traumatized. For this reason, they continue to identify themselves as “wounded healers.”

There are few mentors to assist them besides Fr. Paul, Maxie, and Fr. Thava. The counseling movement in Batticaloa is much like it was in the early days in the USA. Counselors looked to one another for support as they discovered techniques to help others. Their efforts were driven by the profound needs of those they served and ultimately led to the counseling profession.

Ethics

In the afternoon, Mark began to work with group members on Ethics. The group also responded well to Mark’s thoughtful, easy going style. Mark has a gift for getting to the heart of the matter, and asking very short, but thought provoking questions. The group responded well to this approach, even with the added work of translation, which slows down any classroom discussion.

The Girls Home

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The students went to the girls’ home. They made art projects with the children. Fr. Paul reminded us that the children are very artistic. He reminded us of The Butterfly Peace Garden’s motto, “Let the children be our teachers.”

The little girls had Adam dress up as a king and Missy, Ann, and Ashley as his three wives! All the children have lost parents or have parents who are unable to take care of them. For them, having adults visit is such a treat. They insisted that the students have an extensive photo session in front of their Christmas tree. Like any good play therapist, the students let the children lead the play. They were great sports, and had a lot of fun.

In the evening, we went to visit the home for young women who are ex-child soldiers. As they shared memories of being captured, their voices grew tense. They discussed how rebel forces hide out in areas as they target children to kidnap. They talked about fearing for their lives after escaping. They continue to have those fears today.

We tried to guide the discussion towards less painful material. I asked them about their hopes for the future. One young woman said her biggest hope is that she would never be forced to fight again.

Eventually we shifted to a more casual discussion about their current training programs. Four are among the first women to be trained as carpenters in this more traditional culture. Others are being trained as seamstresses.

The young women were fascinated by us and our culture. As they asked questions of the group, they said something like, “We know Mike already. We do wonder why he is not married, and how old he is.” I replied with my usual answer, “I am 46 years old, and if I was married, my spouse probably would not let me come here so much!” They all laughed.

I feel so honored these young women, and so many of the children, remember me between trips. I usually just have time to visit the homes one or two times, in the evenings, after I provide training to the counselors. I think I symbolize people who remember them and come back to help, which is so meaningful for them. The fact that they allow me to play this role is a true gift for me.

The residents asked the students their ages. They wanted to know about Adam’s and Missy’s earrings, and Adam’s tattoos. One young woman sat next to Drake to contrast her darker features to his lighter ones. Everyone laughed. They served us tea, and asked us to sing a song. We reluctantly sang, “Take Me Out to the Ball Game,” and we did OK. Another young woman performed a beautiful cultural song and dance.

As we left, some of the students said leaving these homes makes them feel like rock stars. The children gather around the visitors’ car to say a very enthusiastic goodbye. They say things like, “See you!” or “Come back soon!” Again, this is a regular occurrence because they are so excited to have visitors. In this and other ways, the culture is so welcoming. How people here celebrate the joys of basic human interactions surpasses anything I have seen in the USA.

New Beginnings
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We are staying at “Dreamcatcher,” PPCC’s trauma healing center.
It is 5 AM on the 3rd day of the workshop.

On January 1, we rode from Kandy to Batticaloa. The ride was long, but amazing. The countryside here is paradise. The rice paddies are a vivid green. The landscape has mountains which take such unique forms.

The students (Missy, Ashley, Adam, and Ann) and I took an elephant ride.

 


Everything becomes more rustic, the closer we get to Batti. The road becomes smaller, and rough. I remain struck by the by the faculty and students’ good nature. This project has mostly been my “solo” gig, which can feel hard to share. Some times I find myself wanting to keep it for myself because the work here has been so meaningful to me.. I am protective of the experiences and relationships involved.

I realize, though, that I have to bring others here. Those in this isolated area need every possible connection with the outside world to help them overcome their circumstances.

Listening to Maxie

My colleague, Dr. Mark Kassel, noted the highlight of his day, was hearing Maxie (short for Maxwell) talk about his work with PPCC. Maxie described the children, their lives, how they became involved with PPCC, and the challenges they face as orphans and/or ex-child soldiers. The students and faculty were so engaged, which, to me, affirmed they are meant to be here. In Chicago, I try to present what happens in Batticaloa. The in-person experience for others is much more powerful than I ever imagined. I am moved as the group shares their initial impressions.

The First Day of the Workshop

On day 1, Fr. Paul met with the group to gives us an introduction to PPCC. It remains interesting to here him talk about the work which occurs here to others. I have become so at home here, that some times I forget all the profound ways in which he and his staff reach out to so many. I am very proud when he talks about the way I have been part of it.

I taught the introductory chapter to our course, which focuses on the identity of the counselor. Dr.s Kassel and Spaeth and I have worked hard to make the material as clear and translatable as possible. Our hard work paid off. In the morning, we discussed the differences between guidance counseling, counseling, and psychotherapy. They found focusing on this distinction useful to define their roles. They often feel overwhelmed by the emotional pain their clients face. They seemed to need boundaries to know what they can realistically expect of themselves as relief workers on the front line.

We went on to discuss typical counselor training in the USA, including the courses covered in a Master of Arts program, and the ten generalist courses we hope to cover in this certificate program. After lunch, it was great to see the counselors demonstrate our daily ritual of how we use movement in our workshops for self-care. We talked about the idea of using movement to promote “psychological adjustment.” When it came time for movement, the counselors, who speak mostly Tamil, joked, “It is time for psychological adjustment!” It is always wonderful to see people empowered as they learn the professional language and terms. When they can use terms in a humorous way, I know they concept was clear, and they understand it.

I joined some counselors under a parachute, as they formed it into an igloo type shape and sang folk songs. As I ducked in to join them, I found one of the students Ashley, already inside, connecting with the group. It was so encouraging to see a student so easily join with the counselor group, in this self-care exercise. Others, including Fr. Paul balanced large feathers on the palms of their hands, an exercise used to restore balance after stress.


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Four animators from Fr. Paul’s other program, the internationally known Butterfly Peace Garden, are joining us for the training. They are so creative with their movements. Under the direction of resident artist Paul Hogan, from Canada, their program focuses solely on children using expressive arts to promote healing from trauma. Two of the men turned ran wildly around the yard in the stretch band. A woman grabbed a number of juggling feathers and became a peacock. With their backgrounds helping children to be creative, these folks will bring our movement training to a new level! I had to smile.


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Later, I presented the characteristics of effective helpers. The counselors then met in pairs to discuss those very qualities they see in one another. In large group sharing, almost everyone commented that the exercise helped them to uncover their strengths as counselors, but also to think more they can be doing to improve their counseling skills.

Throughout the day, students, faculty, and counselors mingled. Missy and Ashley chatted with the counselor who lost her nephew and four nieces who were in her care at the time of the tsunami.

A Visit to the Ex-child Soldier Project

At night, we went to visit the child soldiers, which was a moving experience for all involved. The young men asked Adam to return to play “cricket” with them.

On the last trip, the ex-child soldiers told me they hoped to move to the USA. At that time, I let them know how costly and difficult that process would be.  I did additional research, and found that emigration to the USA would be impossible due to US State Department policies. At their request, I also told them I would look into additional vocational services for them.

Luckily, I was able to report some progress on finding potential grants to expand their vocational programs. Sadly, I told the young men emigration to the USA will be impossible as they were once affiliated with the Tamil Tigers. I also let them know I do have some leads on groups that from other countries that may

The irony of their lives is they were kidnapped as children and forced to fight. After they escape and return, they are feared by the general public, here and abroad. They also worry that theirs or other militant groups will recapture or kill them.  This leaves them afraid to move back to their homes towns or to stay in Sri Lanka at all.

I told them I certainly care about them, and was willing to listen to any feelings they had about my report. No one said anything, which I believe is a sign of their hopelessness. One young man asked to speak with me further, which I will do, later this week. I felt fortunate to have my colleagues at the meeting, to make sure I had handled this matter with enough sensitivity. Luckily, we will spend much more time with them this week to try to affirm that we support them in their challenging process of reintegration to normal life.

They are lucky to have the support of PPCC. Father Paul and Maxie are very skilled at helping ex-child soldiers recover from trauma, and re-enter societal life.  They offer a safe place to live, a great deal of understanding and support, linkage with local academic programs, and vocational training and placement.  They work with the young adults' families to help them re-establish ties.  I believe "Cuckoo's Nest," the PPCC ex-child soldier program is of the highest caliber in the world. 


 

The Journey
[info]mikemcnulty

Today, we arrived in Colombo. Everyone one did remarkably well with the long flights.
Maxie, from PPCC, met us at the airport, and introduced us to our guide and driver at 4 AM. (The people here are so helpful.) We drove to Kandy, the former capital, to stay in the “upcountry,” where it is a bit cooler than the rest of Sri Lanka.

We are at the Swiss Residence, an old fashioned inn, at the highest point in the city. All of us have wonderful views from our rooms. Most wanted to nap upon our arrival, but quickly opted to take a walking tour of the city. We hoped this will help us to adjust to the 12 hour we gained with the time difference.



Hungry, unable to find a local diner in Kandy, Sri Lanka, the Americans lunch at Pizza Hut. The total bill for seven was only $12.

I found myself concerned about the decision to visit Kandy before Batticaloa. Kandy is primarily a tourist city. It is probably one of the best resort bargains in the travel industry. Rich with Sri Lankan and Buddhist history, life here is so peaceful. The people, and particularly the tourists, are relatively buffered from all the stress of a country in conflict.

Batticaloa town will be more of a challenge. The infrastructure is much less substantial. The roads are small, yet crowded, and filled with pedestrians, cars, buses, motorcycles, three wheelers, bicycles, dogs, and even cows! The electricity comes and goes. Showers with warm water are hard to find. There is nothing like a Pizza Hut anywhere around. I have come to love all these qualities of my home away from home, but it took some getting used to.

Batticaloa town is a safe area. The Sri Lanka military holds it, so it will not strike there. The rebel groups will not initiate conflict as it is home mostly to Tamils, the minority group they represent. The area is filled with checkpoints to ensure safety.

However, Batticaloa has its wounds. Most there are emotionally and/or physically affected in some way by war and disaster. Some wounds are from the past. Others are more current. Everyone lives under significant stress.

People flee to Batticaloa from areas further into the north and east, where combat continues to occur. Those who live there remain in the middle of representatives from warring parties, fearing more covert forms of violence and intimidation, as if they lived in a gang infested US City.

The government and the rebel group seek sympathy from the international community, particularly from the US and European governments. Visitors like our group are the safest of all involved. (It is important for those traveling to Sri Lanka to have strong connections locally, like the ones we have, to avoid any areas where fighting continues to occur.)

Needless to say, there are no resorts in Batticaloa.

In late afternoon, our guide and driver took us to the Botanical Garden of Sri Lanka. This garden is much like the Botanical Gardens in Glencoe, IL, one of my favorite places.



I kept thinking about one of my favorite songs, which I used to sing in church in the 1970s:

This is my song, oh God of all the nations,
A song of peace for lands so far away,
This is my home, a country where my heart is,
Here grew my hopes and dreams for all mankind,
But other hearts in other lands are beating,
With hopes and dreams, as pure and high as mine

My countries skies are bluer than the ocean,
And sunlight shines on cloverleaf and pine,
But other lands have sunlight too, and clover,
And skies are everywhere, as blue as mine,
Oh, hear my prayer, Oh, God of all the nations,
A song of peace, for their lands and for mine



As I looked at the gardens, it occurred to me that Batticaloa was a lot like Kandy, before the tensions began in the 1940s, that eventually culminated in the civil war. Maybe it is a good idea that we came here first. This way the students have a stronger sense of the ways in which war and conflict affect a community over time. Perhaps, it will give us all a stronger basis for empathy, in a world that on the surface appears so different from ours.

As the sun set, we went on to visit a very large Buddhist statue near our inn. It was a very beautiful, peaceful way to end
the day.
 
 

A PACT with Batticaloa
[info]mikemcnulty
My next trip will be from December 28 to January 11.  Faculty and students from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology will accompany me.  The Chicago School (TCS) has always supported my efforts, through encouragement and assistance with developing presentations I made to the counselors.  TCS became the primary sponsor of my project in Batticaloa, this past Fall.  We now call it The Sri Lanka Project.  TCS is its home, and I am the director.  I want to thank the school's administration for this exceptional support. (Together, we are looking for additional organizations to sponsor The Sri Lanka Project to support Sri Lankan counselors working in its troubled north and eastern provinces.)

The goal of The Sri Lanka Project is to bring Portable Accessible Counselor Training (PACT) to Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.  We have a PACT with Sri Lanka to provide systematic counselor training to Fr. Paul's thirty lay counselors, known as the "Barefoot Counsellors" of The Professional Psychological Counselling Centre of Batticaloa (PPCC). They serve children and adults in one of the most traumatized areas in the world.  Our objective is to ensure the counseling presence Fr. Paul has established in Sri Lanka's troubled north and east for generations to come.  (For an overview of the situation in Batticaloa, please see my entries from January, 2008 and September 2008:
http://mikemcnulty.livejournal.com/6672.html; http://mikemcnulty.livejournal.com/17573.html

While the counselors have significant on the job experience and learn so much from Father Paul and trainers who travel to assist him, they have not completed formal training in counseling as a discipline. Sri Lankan academic institutions lack counselor training programs.  (Local universities do offer a series of courses in psychosocial rehabilitation, but this specialization does not include the theory and practice of psychological counseling.)  One of Fr. Paul's major goals is to make sure his counseling staff and program leaders receive counselor training.  He also hopes it will eventually be available in Sri Lankan universities. 

PACT is a ten course, counselor certificate program, offered through The Chicago School.  TCS is a premier institution in psychology training, with a strong commitment to training psychologists in international relief work.  It has another initiative in Rwanda to assist counselors there.

PACT courses will be taught during faculty visits to Batticaloa.  An online version of each course will be available to the counselors in Tamil to reinforce learning between trips.  In addition, the online courses will include podcasts of Fr. Paul translating lectures given by TCS faculty.  PACT courses will be taught over a three year time frame.  Preliminary plans are for this certificate program to eventually be incorporated in the academic program of a local university in Batticaloa.

This first trip is the PILOT Program.  My colleagues, Dr.s Drake Spaeth and Mark Kassel, and I have developed  an introductory course we will teach to the counselors.  Simultaneously, we will work intensively with the class to better understand the language and cultural issues involved in the learning process.  All subsequent curriculum will be influenced by this data we collect in the classroom on this trip.

TCS Students will help with the training and with all of Fr. Paul's programs, assisting with relief efforts.  They are: 
Adam Harrison, Ashley Knoll, Melissa Jajko, and Ann Bukowski.  I am inspired by their enthusiasm and commitment.  They are giving up a significant part of their winter breaks to help, and paying their own way to participate.  Like me, and the faculty, they are amazed at the work of Fr. Paul and his entire staff, and the resilience of the people they serve.  This compels them to take the trip, and to be part of our team.  Simultaneously, they will participate in a TCS course on international relief work. 

Besides these students, twenty three of their colleagues expressed interest in participating in future trips, after attending presentations about Fr. Paul's work.  I find the altruistic spirit of TCS students to be truly remarkable.  I have never worked anywhere, where this many people are willing to help with such a challenging project, let alone with such enthusiasm.  I remain grateful for everyone's interest. 

I also want to thank the following leaders of the TCS Doctorate of Clinical Psychology Program for assistance and support with this project:  Dr. Barbara Kelly (Chair); Dr.s Richard Niolon and Bianka Hardin (Associate Chairs); and Dr. Chante DeLoach (Assistant Professor). 

During this next trip, I will maintain this blog.     Please free to make comments or ask questions as we move forward with this project.  Telling the story of our work sustains us in our efforts to reach out to the people of Batticaloa and the counselors who support them.  We are more than happy to read comments or answer questions. 


An Old Friend
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Summary

Fr. Ashley assists poor children all over Sri Lanka, through providing them with food, clothing, and school supplies.  He recruits families from other countries who send a small donation each month so he can provide this assistance.  To encourage them to stay in school, he requires the children to send him copies of their report cards.  He has them write letters and draw pictures describing their lives, which he reviews and forwards to sponsoring families.  Fr. Ashley personally visits each child a few times each year.  He serves hundreds of children.  For information about how to sponsor a child, please email Fr. Ashley directly at: ashleysamarasinghe2007@yahoo.com


Read on for more information. . .

Today, on my last day in Sri Lanka, Marianne and I met with Fr. Ashley, a Singhalese Catholic priest. Like Fr. Paul, he stayed at Sacred Heart, while studying counseling psychology at Loyola University in Chicago. He was in Chicago from 1969 to 1971.

He and a second priest, Fr. Joe, from India, made quite an impression upon my family. At the time, my mother worked for Catholic Charities, teaching blind and partially sited children in archdiocesan schools. She and my father were asked by her employer to become foster parents for a 10 year old Puerto Rican boy, named Raphael, who was totally deaf.

Fathers Ashley and Joe strongly supported my parents’ decision to open our home to Raphael. He joined our family at a time when people of color were pretty rare on Chicago’s north shore. The priests befriended him, and helped him to make the sacrament of first communion.

The priests reinforced my mother’s openness to helping children and families in need. Raphael became the first of about fifteen foster children and cousins who lived with our family life during my childhood, because they had lost a parent, and their surviving parent needed some extra support or their parents were temporarily unable to care for them.

I had not seen Fr. Ashley since I was nine years old. He quickly made reference to Raphael, which warmed my heart.

Fr. Ashley, too, is in his seventies. He approaches his work more as an individual. He moves about the country assisting people who need him. He is the former Jesuit provincial for Sri Lanka, who now lives in his family home. There, he cares for his disabled sister, with the assistance of two caregivers. They also assist him with his work on behalf of children.

He goes to the poorest, war torn areas on a bus to visit children in need. He finds them sponsors, who pay a monthly fee, which provides clothing and school supplies. They, in turn, must send him their grades, write a letter about their progress, and send a “thank you” note and picture for their sponsor.

He met with me and Marianne in the basement of the Jesuit residence where we had tea. He read us letters he recently received, earlier that week, from the children. At times, he looked perplexed about how he would help children who were struggling in school. I could tell each child was very important to him.

He told us about his remarkable life, and his goal of building a community center in a very poor Buddhist area. (His goal is not to convert anyone, just to bring assistance to the poorest and the most vulnerable of the poor.) I found his commitment inspirational. His wit and his dry sense of humor were charming.

He reminds me that who we are as individuals is perhaps our greatest gift to others. His life is an example that joy comes from selflessness.


To contact Fr. Ashley about his work, email him at: ashleysamarasinghe2007@yahoo.com
 

Emotions
[info]mikemcnulty

 For the second time this week, a male counsellor arrived beaming with pride. An expert in Yoga, he is gifted at helping others with relaxation.  His second child, a son, was born last night.  On the first day of the workshop, another counsellor came with chocolates for everyone to announce the birth of his son.  Overjoyed and exhausted, both fathers still attended our program.  Their opportunities for training here are so few that everyone attends, regardless of major life events. 

 

Yogi and Val (the couple married during my visit last October) became parents to a son 31 days ago.  She hosted a lunch today to celebrate their baby’s birth, which is another tradition here.  (Val, like many parents from Batti, continues to work abroad as gainful employment is hard to find locally.)

 

Others showed me pictures of their child’s first 1st birthday party.  The 1st birthday, here, is another very significant celebration.  Parents set up elaborate, decorated tables with backdrops.  All the guests can pose with the little one.  Everyone who knows the family seems to stop by. 

 

One of the lead counsellors showed me pictures from her son’s 1st birthday.  She lost four nieces and a nephew who were visiting her home at the time of The Tsunami.  Showing me pictures from her son’s party, she pointed out the two sisters whose children were killed.  Both of them posed with their toddlers born since the tragedy.  With the new children, the pictures looked fuller than the ones I had seen in the first years after The Tsunami.  However, an empty quality to the parents’ expressions remains, which I believe indicates they continue to mourn their lost loved ones. 

 

Today, in the workshop, we worked on helping counsellors to identify their emotions.  We discussed Daniel Goleman’s concept of “emotional intelligence” and John Gottman’s parenting research on “emotion coaching.”  The exercise for today involved counsellors breaking into pairs to listen to each other, one at a time, attempting to focus only on emotions.    


Reminiscing
[info]mikemcnulty

An elderly counsellor made an early morning visit today.  He arrived, unannounced, around 6 AM.  He was there outside my door when I exited to start my day.  I spoke with him for about a half hour or so, and then took a walk with the group home program coordinator, who had said I had become “fat” and decided to become my personal trainer. 

 

People use the term “fat” more liberally here.  It’s not meant in the offensive way it is in The States.  Hearing it takes some getting used to!  We walked to and toured “Cuckoo’s Nest,” the future home to the ex-child soldier program.  A very tall, young father, who lived in the group homes as a child, he is a funny, playful man.  He understands my accent, and was happy to practice English. 

 

Later, I returned to speak with the first man, the elderly counsellor, for another half hour or so, which became my early morning routine.  During the first part of our meeting, he and I would meet in the hall outside my room.  After I returned from my walk, we would move to the balcony, which overlooks the lagoon.  He reminisced about his life. 

A lifelong resident of the Batticaloa district, he spoke with pride about being the first in his village to finish university.  Fellow residents were so excited they visited him at school, bringing him treats from home.  Shortly after graduation, the laws changed. Elementary and high schools became segregated by ethnic groups, and taught only in their languages.   Prior to that time, English was used in both school systems, which were mostly integrated.

 

Simultaneously, quotas were implemented that limited Tamil admissions to universities.  The number of Tamil students and faculty members decreased.  Members of this minority group were crippled in business and other professions, as they were unable to speak Sinhalese, which became the countries’ first language.  Nearly fifty years later, the government is trying to correct the problem by reintroducing English into the school system, which has proved difficult as there is such a shortage of English teachers in Tamil areas.

 

I find myself moved as he reflects on his life. He is close to my father’s age, and has confronted so much discrimination.  Often, he discusses how senseless or traumatic various events and losses have felt for him, as he has lived in the middle of a civil war. 

 

A gentleman, he has maintained a strong sense of dignity.  Viewed as a very ethical and principled elder for his community,  I often see others seek his counsel.  At the end of each session, jokingly, he reminds me he rises each morning at 4 AM, and will see me tomorrow at 6 AM.  Each day, he returns. 

 

In the workshop, we continued to work on reflective listening.  Today’s exercise involved counselors breaking into pairs, taking turns listening to one another about a specific issue or concern.  A pair of counselors, both parents of newborns, shared their joy.  They also commiserated about their exhaustion. 



Two men began to discuss their experiences with torture.  I remember one had shared such experiences during the group therapy workshop in 2006.  I was surprised they focused on such traumatic material, as the presentation and exercise were centered on basic listening skills. 

 

Upon further reflection, their decision made a great deal of sense.  Like others here, they have experienced so much trauma.  As the first generation of counsellors here in Batticaloa, the counsellors lack more experienced counsellors to turn to for support. Consequently, their needs for counselling fall by the wayside, as everyone is trying to assist others who are more vulnerable.  Our workshops have become a place for them to take care of themselves.

 

In the afternoon, we worked with the co-oper or stretch bands.  One group was more serious, the other more playful.  A woman counsellor broke into a group of men, playfully, in the interest of “gender balance.”  I was happily surprised she knew this term and felt so comfortable using it in this more traditional society.  

 

That evening, the boys from the group home where I played cricket invited me and Marianne over for dinner.  As we were about to leave Dreamcatcher, a herd of cows ran through the gate.  I thought, “I love this place.”

On the way to dinner, we visited the temporary boys’ home for ex-child soldiers.  They requested that Marianne and I meet with them about specific concerns and challenges.  I was impressed that they asserted themselves. We scheduled an appointment for later in the trip.

 

During dinner at the other group home, the boys were delightful.  They are so eager to connect and play.  They showed me the room where they study, and posed for a picture pretending to burn the midnight oil.  Then, they sat for a more comical picture goofing around.  When we left the home, they sang us songs they learned for Fr. Paul’s 50th Jubilee.   



Maxie noted how they tend to take responsibility for one another. If one boy is struggling to adjust, the others support and encourage him, almost like coaches.  There is a unique sense of team spirit among them. 

Fr. Paul observed that these children, like most, have difficulty sharing their caregivers: the “Mom (or Dad) loves me more” syndrome.  When one gets positive attention, the other becomes jealous and wants it too.  Helping each child develop a sense of being valued remains a constant challenge, which Fr. Paul confronts every day as he visits the homes between 5-8 pm to spend time with the kids. He calls this time his “therapy.”


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